Polyflow concrete lifting. Find your local PolyLevel® contractor today & sched Schedule A FREE No. Polyflow concrete lifting

 
 Find your local PolyLevel® contractor today & sched Schedule A FREE NoPolyflow concrete lifting With PolyRenewal™, we can quickly restore the appearance and safety of your concrete without the mess or cost of replacement or traditional mudjacking

PolyRenewal™® is an expanding polyurethane foam that is injected beneath the concrete to fill the gaps caused by soil erosion and raise and stabilize the concrete surface. Sarah Etler. Phone: (573) 708-7551. Many years of experienceSpalling preventionCracksCracks in the jointsUneven, unlevel, sunken, settled, heavedIdaho I will build a concrete lifting company called Polyflow Concrete Lifting. This system also features a 2-part foam that expands for accurate. Soil erosion can cause sunken concrete. Since 1995, we’ve been helping Georgia homeowners repair and restore their concrete. See reviews, photos, directions, phone numbers and more for Polyflow Concrete Lifting locations in Nampa, ID. PolyMagic understands that your time is money, so we offer the most effective solution to your uneven concrete surfaces with Polyjacking. The process of lifting a house up to move it is the first step in building a new foundation. At Foundation Systems of Michigan, we use innovative technologies – such as PolyRenewal™ – to easily lift and stabilize your sunken concrete. Hoist Rings— For Lifting. From concrete lifting and mudjacking to concrete patio repair Bolingbrook. The hydraulic pressure from the mudjacking machine causes the slab to rise. Connect with neighborhood businesses on Nextdoor. The company was started by owners and directors Curt Janzen and. com. Pour more cement if necessary. The filling itself is done with a material that has enough strength to match the durability of the concrete. That means for every 1 cuft of slurry pumped under your slab, it would take 3 lbs of foam to do the same job. Fenton, MO 63026. Asphalt Driveways And Patching Inc, 1323 Madison Ave, Nampa, ID 83687 Get Address, Phone Number, Maps, Ratings, Photos, Websites and more for Asphalt Driveways And Patching Inc. There are various practical uses for this state-of-the-art repair. See a problem? Let us know. In stock and ready to ship. Showing results: 1 - 20 out of 48Sealing. Photos. Check Pavingstones, LLC in Melba, ID, Liberty Lane on Cylex and find ☎ (208) 495-1. Não há dicas e avaliações Gauge Glass Gaskets. Directions Advertisement. Rush City, MN. Classic Curbing and Concrete, LLC . Learn why Alpha Foundations are experts in crawl space repair, concrete lifting, and foundation repair in. Since 1995, we’ve been helping Georgia homeowners repair and restore their concrete. Seal the glass on level indicators to monitor liquids without leaks. Choose AquaGuard To Restore Your Concrete. In stock and ready to ship. com. 90 /5. 6. Sidnaw_kid wrote: ↑ Thu Jan 21, 2021 9:19 pm I need to find a contractor who's able to level a concrete sidewalk/porch step which has sunk at my foundation due to settling of backfilled soil around the foundation. See more of Boise PolyFlow on Facebook. . Connectable Plastic Routing Clamps. Chris Fournier was a pleasure to work with. Use it to do curls or attach two of them to a bar or board and use as a bench press. View All Locations. We specialize in decorative concrete from driveways, patios, sidewalks, and much more! We include stamp finishes colored concrete or just a simple broom finish. 7 out of 5 based on 338 reviews of 338 pros. See reviews, photos, directions, phone numbers and more for Polyflow Concrete Lifting locations in Boise, ID. With its low abrasion and no need to pressure de-rate, this composite pipe is the preferred choice when you need flexibility in your system design options but can’t compromise on quality or production. Find accurate info on the best concrete contractors in Nampa. 1—General lifting concepts, p. This two-component, high-strength, high-density, hydro-insensitive structural polyurethane injection foam supports 14,000 lbs per square foot. 5 to 5. 14 products. Apex Concrete Lifting, LLC in Bear River City, UT | Photos | Reviews | 2 building permits for $80,000. Concrete leveling costs 25% to 50% less than concrete replacement and lasts 5 to 10 years. Loja de Materiais de Construção. 0 pounds per cubic foot. Offer ends 11/30/2023. After drilling these holes, concrete lifting technicians use concrete slab lifting equipment to inject a high-density polyurethane foam into the foundation of the concrete. Free cost estimates for concrete repair. 1567 East Kentucky Avenue, Nampa, ID 83686 (208) 780-9292 . Sidewalks. Was very informative. Older repair methods for sunken concrete such as mudjacking, slab jacking, and complete replacement are not long-term solutions. 90 /5. In stock and ready to ship. Penefil 375 H is a hydrophobic 3. Create a grouting plan and an appropriate grid pattern. Carefully lift the concrete slab using three floor jacks, spaced evenly on the underside of the slab. Polyflow can be contacted via phone at 208-780-9292 for pricing, hours and directions. Thankfully, our team of experts can identify the best recovery process and complete the associated works in a fast, effective, and affordable manner. If you. Sometimes called polyflow or poly flow tubing. Your service appointment doesn’t take long. Toledo, OH 43615. True level can solve your concrete problems. Secure electrical boxes to the floor or a pole. Poly-Mor Canada Inc offers concrete lifting, leveling, repair, leak sealing, mud jacking, and soil stabilization in Edmonton, Vancouver,. After 2 failed attempts we finally grew a successful carpet and air duct cleaning company with a unique selling. , Ste 205. 4. Sean was great. Mudjacking, also called slab jacking, is a well-known technique for lifting uneven concrete to a level position. Seal the glass on level indicators to monitor liquids without leaks. L HCL1. 0 Jerry S. How to Build a Lifting Platform. sidewalk liftPolyflow Concrete Lifting. com. As the foam expands, the concrete raises and levels out. Traverse City, MI 49685. Choose from our selection of 3/8" tubing in a wide range of styles and sizes. AFS can fix your sinking outdoor concrete problems so you can enjoy your driveway, sidewalk, or patio again without worry. See reviews, photos, directions, phone numbers and more for Polyflow Concrete Lifting locations in Nampa, ID. This process is invasive, time-consuming, and expensive. 320 Campus Lane, Suite A. The 6 ft x 6 ft sidewalk slab at our front stoop had sunk on one end to a 10-1/2 inch step. Edit the information displayed in this box. Foundation Recovery Systems provides expert concrete lifting services for homes and businesses in IL, IA, MO. 1625 Larkin Williams rd. November 8, 2023. Search MapQuest. The filler material takes up space under the slab and raises it- or jacks it- to the desired height. 4. This innovative capability aids in die design and allows you to accurately predict product performance. . Do not lift panels when wind conditions would produce unsafe conditions during a lift. Cracking, uneven concrete in and around your property is a safety hazard. Advertisement. , contact info. Write review. Fenton, MO 63026. We service commercial, residential, industrial and. However, it’s an extremely messy process that can leave patched holes in your concrete. Check Treasure Valley Concrete & Excavation in Nampa, ID, East Brenan Drive on Cylex and find ☎ (208) 941-1. Make a barbell with water bottles. They have since become leaders in Calgary’s concrete lifting, roofing and thermal industries. Claim this listing for free. Concrete Contractors. He was able to provide me with several options (some DIY and some professional) and give me a rough estimate of cost savings doing it each. Set up an Appointment Boise PolyFlow. Seal the glass on level indicators to monitor liquids without leaks. You can find out more about our concrete repair services in Flower Mound by contacting us online or calling 844-765-9872. Common Concrete Lifting Tips and Mistakes Concrete Lifting Tips. The holes drilled for pumping are only 5/8″ and can be placed up to 5 feet apart. Small, penny-sized holes are drilled into the concrete and polyurethane foam is injected underneath the slab. True Level Concrete uses a simple and cost effective product called PolyLevel®, to lift and level concrete slabs. Connect with neighborhood businesses on Nextdoor. 1,500 square feet. Slab lifting and stabilizing poured concrete slabs with SealBoss structural polyurethane foams is a polyurethane foam void filling injection process designed to support and/or raise sunken, unstable concrete slab sections. Author: Kevin Boschee. , June 15, 2011 /PRNewswire via COMTEX/ --. Using the SettleStop PolyRenewal™ system, a two-part polyurethane foam is injected under the slab. 4 Faves for AR Development LLC from neighbors in Nampa, ID. These. The mudjacking process works by pumping a slurry (typically comprised of a mixture of sand, cement and/or soil) below a slab through holes at the surface. Introduction ANSYS Polyflow software provides advanced fluid dynamics technology for solving various tasks in the polymer, glass, metals and cement processing industries [1]. Step 4: Foam expands and fills in all the gaps in the soil. These must be around three to eight feet apart but at least one foot from the slab’s edge. During a free inspection, we’ll come out to your home and look for signs of concrete damage. See more of Boise PolyFlow on Facebook. Winston-salem / High Point Location. 7575 Highway 44, Star, ID . Reapply caulk or other sealants to the joint between concrete slabs. Don’t worry about searching for a “concrete leveling company near me” and call PolyLift USA today, a professional, trusted, and reliable concrete leveling and lifting company servicing the State of Florida and South Georgia. Concrete lifting is a perfect solution to any concrete issue because it’s fast, painless, and effective. Asphalt Driveways And Patching Inc listed under Paving Contractors & Construction, Highway Surfacing And Paving Contractors. 4. Students and early career engineers can take these courses to enhance their skills, and educators can assign these courses for homework within their curriculum. With mudjacking, your sunken concrete is drilled with dime. Determine an injection point sequence, based on conditions. Choose from our selection of mobile racks for pipe and bars, vertical-storage A-frame racks, horizontal-storage A-frame racks, and more. Matthews, NC 28105. Directions. Our Locations. com. Choose from our selection of 1/4" tubing in a wide range of styles and sizes. Crack and Joint Sealing. In our industry, there are 2 main competitors, Mud jacking and our polyurethane lifting services. Schedule A FREE No-Contact Estimate 1-866-909-4086 1-866-909-4086 Contact Us Online 1-866. 313 reviews from 3 other sources. Springfield, MO 65803(417) 612-8286. A long lasting concrete sealing starts with detailed preparation. Call: 844-765-9872Foam manufacturers say it takes 3 lbs of foam per 1 cuft of slurry to lift the weight of a concrete slab. Similar to the preparation process for surface sealing we are extremely thorough in preparing every joint and crack. Poly Flo Tubing, 1/4", 1,000 foot roll - aka polyflow or poly flow tubing. Allow it to stand for half an hour so that it can settle. STEP:2. Contact the developer. Our POLYcrete product will never w. 2720 Taylor Court. Mudjacking or Slabjacking. Share your videos with friends, family, and the worldPolyflow Concrete Lifting, concrete contractor, listed under "Concrete Contractors" category, is located at 1567 East Kentucky Avenue Nampa ID, 83686 and can be reached by 2082540555 phone number. Great job correcting sinking driveway, sidewalk and patio. There are many reasons why Concrete Lifting Technologies polyurethane foam material is different from the rest – but one of the main reasons is that their poly is made from over 40% recycled materials. Call Tar Heel Basement Systems If You Have an Uneven Driveway. 3—Lifting considerations: building engineer of record, p. Get directions, reviews and information for Polyflow in Boise, ID. This way, it will endure heavy traffic and wear and tear. For more than 25 years, design engineers have used Polyflow to minimize physical prototyping when manufacturing extrusion dies or to reduce thickness variation. Create holes in metal, wood, plastic, concrete, and more. Water-resistant concrete lifting foam - PolyLevel® is a long-lasting repair that won’t wash away by rain or other precipitation. Read on to find out more about our solutions or call to get a free quote. Poly Rise is the most effective concrete lifting repair on today’s market. CORONA CONCRETE LLC in Nampa, ID. If you're looking for a high-quality, long-term solution for your sinking concrete problems, find a local PolyLevel® dealer near you to schedule a FREE consultation for PolyLevel concrete leveling services. 09/19/2017. We provide two options for you, helical piling and push piering. You can model the manufacturing process and virtually. Polyrenewal™ technology can lift the concrete on your driveway or patio to make it like new. Our proven polyurethane foam injection system will permanently raise and even out any cracked or sunken concrete areas affecting your business or home. Sold only by the 1,000 foot roll. Building a lifting platform is relatively cheap and ridiculously easy. k. It is also waterproof, so it can protect against soil erosion and thus, soil compaction, and. Call Today Phone 208-908-0797 | Contact | Website | Map | Share; Idaho Materials & Construction, A CRH Company. Subscribe to the Ansys Blog to get great new content about the power of simulation delivered right to your email on a weekly basis. However, a better alternative to concrete lifting is investing in polyurethane injections. The slurry spreads out under the concrete, filling the voids and raising the slab. They. High quality, semi-rigid tubing for easy rig up. 1325 S Frandsen Ave. Sealing. Gauge Glass Gaskets. 26 11. In stock and ready to ship. Sunken concrete ruins curb appeal and creates a tripping hazard. Jewelry, Awards, Battery-Retail & Wholesale, Clothing & Accessories-Fitness, Gifts, Hot Tubs/Spas-Supplies, Service & Repairs, Gun Store, The easy way to find businesses and members in the Meridian Chamber of Commerce, Inc. However, a better alternative to concrete lifting is investing in polyurethane injections. Level considers mudjacking the “Flintstones” approach to concrete leveling. Charlotte, NC. If it’s the first reason, and the concrete has sunk, concrete lifting is often the. Choose AquaGuard To Restore Your Concrete. Schedule A FREE No-Contact. The idea is that if you can fill the void underneath the concrete with more concrete, the concrete will not continue settling. Help. 45 likes. Often times our clients will ask us to “level out” their concrete slabs due to the concrete not being even. com. At Alpha Foundations, we are committed to providing you with the best service and solutions possible. Write review. | 1-877-619-4491Watch PolyLEVEL in action and see in real time how it is used to quickly and safely lift a sinking sidewalk!Pol. It cost me $170 and took Matt and I just an hour to build. In certain situations, a fresh slab is a pleasant addition, such as when introducing a patio or sidewalk where none existed before. Concrete Lifting. Hydraulic jack hose carries a 10,000 PSIG working pressure and a 20,000 PSI burst. Concrete Contractors. We are an affordable, ecologically friendly, and long-lasting way to restore the appearance and safety of your. Hello neighbors, we are your friendly neighborhood concrete company, here at AR Development we believe in being prompt and on time, getting the job in a professionals, timely manor. 403-730-8080 - Concrete Lifting: Calgary & Area. Note: A lifting platform will elevate you off the floor by two inches. Louis Location. Address: 741 W Greenhurst Rd, Nampa, ID 83686. The exact cost of mudjacking will depend on the size of the. Traverse City Office. If you help protect your concrete, the polylifting will last longer, providing you years of concrete support. At Foundation Technology, we use HMI Foam. The foam causes a reaction that expands the foam, hardening it within minutes and lifting the slab to fill any voids. If you have questions about our concrete leveling service take a look at our concrete leveling FAQ’s. Our top priority is providing high-quality home repair solutions and personalized service across Virginia and. Polyurethane spray foam is an effective method of lifting concrete without leaving a trace or polluting the soil around your concrete. B-Level SE, Inc. The average cost of lifting concrete starts at $6 to $7 per pound of polyurethane foam, and factors like your location, the gap to be filled, and nearby drainage issues can affect the overall price. This levels and stabilizes the concrete as it lifts, creating an even. In stock and ready to ship. We offer polyjacking, which is also referred to as mudjacking, and is a fast and effective solution to sinking and uneven concrete areas. We’ve been repairing foundations and concrete slabs in Sacramento, CA since 2005. Discover the Best Concrete or Foundation Lifting Solution for Your Needs. 1567 East Kentucky Avenue Nampa, ID 83686. The foam first expands into the soil, causing the dirt to become denser as the foam fills the voids beneath the concrete. Thankyou August Rivera, Jessen Forbush, Polyflow concrete lifting, Bart Rayne 39 1/2 yardsHighly Recommended: 15 local business owners recommend Roe Painting, Inc. The process is similar to mudjacking, but much more effective. November 12, 2018-Houston, Texas — Singer Industrial will acquire Dakota Fluid Power and subsidiaries with closing scheduled for December 3, 2018. In stock and ready to ship. The process involves drilling several holes in the concrete and then using them to inject the cement slurry under the slab. Lifting and stabilization concrete is an important part of making sure your concrete is waterproof. , contact info. If there’s any grass or weed in the area, remove them or use a herbicide to kill them. Visit this page to learn about the business and what locals in Elko have to say. The cleaning process opens the micro pores in the concrete so that when. Get a free inspection today!Springfield, MO 65803. 2—Concrete for tilt-up panels, p. 3—Panel reinforcement, p. stances and concrete depend on both the material itself and its process properties, such as shear rate and thermal history. Our professionals are ready to level any concrete slab, outdoor fixture, pool deck, sidewalk, driveway, or other surfaces. Choose from our selection of 5/8" tubing in a wide range of styles and sizes. This fast-acting, long-lasting concrete lifting solution installs with minimal disruption, unlike other outdated repair methods, like mudjacking. Keep any personnel not involved with the panel lifting procedure clear of the lifting area. Maintain a clean working area with all debris and obstacles removed. His quote was very professional with pictures of what he planned to do to lift our driveway. Address: 741 W Greenhurst Rd, Nampa, ID 83686. They filled the holes created to inject the new concrete and smoothed the fill so the slabs look appropriate. Polyurethane’s compressive strength is. Join these clamps together to line up multiple pipes, cables, or tubes side-by- side, even when they are different sizes. R&D teams use this technology extensively to design and optimize processes such as extrusion, thermoforming, blow molding, glass forming, fiber drawing, and concrete shaping. Bay Area Underpinning was founded in 2005 with the goal of providing a cost-effective, engineered solution to foundation settlement problems with an emphasis on educating customers to make them feel comfortable with the various methods of foundation repair. The company's filing status is listed as Active-Current and its File Number is 3504899. 4. More. n Describe the use of chains for rigging and lifting. When you’re finished, you’ll have a 8′ x 8′ platform. Dig under the sidewalk. 100 N Patterson St. Bigger jobs can take up to 5 daysConcrete lifting operations are often inconspicuous to guests, as they utilize your existing concrete, unlike a newly poured slab that can stand out. CAD Integration Multiphysics HPC Design Optimization Data Management ANSYS. Choose from our selection of 8mm tubing in a wide range of styles and sizes. Also known as slab-jacking, our concrete lifting Clearwater services are a cheaper but durable alternative to replacing caved concrete. 4 – The holes are sealed and smoothed. Inject the resin into each point at the correct pressure and volume. The debate on slab-jacking vs poly-jacking (concrete slurry vs polyfill) is settled by reviewing the. Mudjacking, or slab jacking, is a concrete leveling solution that requires the demolition and replacement of an entire slab of concrete, a procedure that is time-consuming and expensive, not to mention disruptive to the property. 215 E. sidewalk lift Polyflow Concrete Lifting. Polyflow Concrete solutions can inject polyurethane foam to react with existing water that is penetrating the barrier wall to seal and stabilize and prolong the life of the wall. See all photos taken at Polyflow Concrete Lifting by 0 visitors. Nampa. Thankyou August Rivera, Jessen Forbush, Polyflow concrete lifting, Bart Rayne 39 1/2 yards Highly Recommended: 15 local business owners recommend Roe Painting, Inc. Sinking concrete is caused by soils that have shifted or washed away from. Moreover, the shims may need to be added or replaced. Choose from our selection of 10mm tubing in a wide range of styles and sizes. Cost-effective: Limestone is an. Lifting and stabilization concrete is an important part of making sure your concrete is waterproof. Our concrete repair experts will lift your slab back to it’s. Including Concrete Lifting & Raising,. Inject the Leveling Foam. Seal the glass on level indicators to monitor liquids without leaks. Poly-Mor Canada Inc offers concrete lifting and leveling, void filling & soil stabilization services in Toronto & surrounding area in Ontario. Combine with setup studs to mount fixtures to machine tables. However, some people may see that sentence and assume it means that “lifting and stabilizing concrete is a waterproofing tactic. Registered Office: Merchant House, Binley Business. Inver Grove Heights, MN 55076. 90 /5. Baker’s Waterproofing provides expert concrete repair solutions using the PolyRenewal™® system. 181. Polytech Concrete Lifting Concrete Raising & Mudjacking. Phone: (208) 936-8084 . concrete leveling DIY. Find 272 listings related to Polyflow Concrete Lifting in Boise on YP. 1625 Larkin Williams rd. Check Polyflow Concrete Lifting in Nampa, ID, East Kentucky Avenue on Cylex and find ☎ (208) 780-9. The polymer will quickly harden, usually taking up to 30 minutes to cure up to 90%. FREE estimates! Schedule A FREE No-Contact Estimate 1-866-909-4086 1-866-909-4086 Contact Us Online 1-866-909-4086. 5T Frimeda Clutches 2. Seal the glass on level indicators to monitor liquids without leaks. PolyLevel® two-part foam expands instantaneously upon injection beneath a settled slab. However, some people may see that sentence and assume it means that “lifting and stabilizing concrete is a waterproofing tactic. In stock and ready to ship. Most concrete lifting companies have minimum starting prices that can be anywhere from $400 – $1,500 depending on the area, time of year and how busy the company is. Concrete Lifting. Concrete stairs are especially important to lifting to avoid causing injury. In stock and ready to ship. The typical cost range to level concrete—also known as mudjacking—is from $630 to $1,723, with a national average cost of $1,174. Align Concrete Lifting, LLC serves Denver Metro Area, Colorado. Slabjacking and Mudjacking. This work included 192 strand pull-out tests using 6000 psi (41,370 kPa) concrete and 80 tests using 3000 psi (20,690 kPa) concrete. We offer concrete leveling services in Lakewood, CO. Patriot Foam & Coating's PatriotFil Lifting Foams utilize a high-strength polyurethane mixture to lift sunken, unstable, or uneven concrete. We can set posts in less than 10 seconds compared to 1-2 days of waiting on concrete to set. Cracked, uneven concrete is an eyesore and a tripping hazard that can lessen your property value. “We have to watch where we are putting our lifting devices because we need to have the capability of placing both cranes close together to make. A 5/8” hole is drilled all the way through the concrete slab into the ground, or sub-grade. Award-Winning Solutions in Richmond. 3. Charlotte, NC. More. In stock and ready to ship. Read on to learn more. Overall Rating: Boydton Concrete Contractors are rated 4. In stock and ready to ship. Frost usually works slowly but steadily, year after year, lifting and shifting a wall or driveway until hairline cracks become gaping chasms. That’s why they offer a free, no-obligation inspection. Cleaner, more effective alternative to mudjacking/slab jacking - Our PolyLevel® solution is non-invasive. As the foam expands, it fills any gaps or imperfections beneath the concrete. 1567 E Kentucky Ave Nampa ID 83686 (208) 254-0555. If you are a professional fence installer, we can help you finish large projects in just 1 day with polyurethane foam. Find accurate info on the best concrete contractors in Nampa. Polyflow offers many material properties models, including generalized Newtonian power, Bird– Carreau and Cross laws as well as visco-elastic models (Giesekus–Leonov, PTT and pom–pom). Overall Rating. See all photos taken at Polyflow Concrete Lifting by 0 visitors. eliminated both problems. Shopping. Concrete Lifting Repair. . The fabric allows the water to flow to designated drainage exits. Choose from our selection of 8mm tubing in a wide range of styles and sizes. Our polyurethane injections are lightweight, durable, eco-friendly, waterproof, and adaptable to various concrete areas around your property. When you’re finished, you’ll have a 8′ x 8′ platform. Concrete Leveling. Choose from our selection of tubing mounts, including vibration-damping routing clamps, plastic routing clamps, and more. PolyLevel® is a high quality concrete lifting foam that is much more effective and affordable than mudjacking and concrete replacement. Claim this business (208) 254-0555. We provide pier-pushing and helical piling services to protect your home. sidewalk liftMany years of experienceSpalling preventionCracksCracks in the jointsUneven, unlevel, sunken, settled, heavedIdahoPFlow Industries is the leading manufacturer of vertical conveyors that lift materials from one level to another far more efficiently, safely and cost effectively than other methods. The men who did the work were very professional answered any questions I had and made sure I was satisfied with everything they did. Using a hammer drill and a diamond drill bit, drill several holes across the surface and all the way through the concrete slab. Traditional repair measures like mudjacking fail to get the job done or last very long, but the concrete lifting and leveling method offered by IFS is a more effective and less invasive solution. Step 3. A specialized drill attachment will be needed to inject the foam underneath the concrete. Slab Cracks; Slab Repair Cost. Salvar. 5 / 5 / 5 / 5 / 5 / Quadarrius and his crew, Antonio, Antawan and Quinn were very professional and curtious. Just clicking on one button and you will have all the content available in your Polyflow account. Mudjacking or Slabjacking. . Business Started: 1/6/2013. Regular Maintenance: Performing a regular check up on your concrete is the easiest way to stay on top of concrete damage.